Abstract
(一) Producing functional biochars from different biomass wastes such as water caltrop shells and branches of fruit trees by Using the carbonization system in Guantan. (二) Characterizations on the compositions and physical properties of the resulted biochars to confirm the safety in agricultural applications. (三) Studies on effects of biochar amendment for compost quality, assessment of nutrient conservation and quality improvement of cow manure using derived biochar from water caltrop shells and branches(四) Assessing the benefit of biochars obtained from water chestnut shell or fruit tree wood on proliferation of runners and growth, productivity, and berry quality in strawberries.