Abstract
一、Establishment of production system of ecological forestry with multi-function
Sustainable wood value chains that are environmentally friendly, socially responsible, and economically sound are key to making progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs in 2030), viz namely SDG8 (decent work and economic growth), SDG12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG13 (climate action), and SDG15 (life on land) according to experts at the Sustainable Wood for a Sustainable World global meeting at FAO Headquarters in Rome in 2017. For promoting sustainable wood value chain, it is understandable to reveal the investment obstacles and opportunities, thus to benefit investment of industry. Agricultural enterprises and forest farmers in village of Taiwan are not interested in investing on produce forestry products for the long term growth of trees. Based successful plantation system of multilayer forest to produce both timber and byproducts, we will establish sustainable wood value chain cooperating with industries who stationed at Innovation Incubation Center of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, or technology transfer companies. Two areas of multilayer forest will be established for production of forest major and by-products. The management of multi-functions with ecotourism, forest food and therapy will made around these multilayer forest.
二、The study on the cultivation and seed oil utility of the oil trees.
There are some plantations on the Sapium sebferium, Aleurites moluccana and Calophyllum inophyllum were established in Taiwan. The seed oil of those trees is the good base oil for the cosmetics products. The former study on TFRI already initiated pilot cosmetic products such as hand care cream, skin care cream, and skin ointment. While the seed mass production techniques on those trees are in need of establish ment, besides the seed oil utility also beyond the cosmetics production. The purpose of the study is to establish the techniques of grafting and coppice forest on those trees for the seed economical production which may promote the seed products economical utility on the plantations. The established techniques will encourage the local material supply for the cosmetics and food industry while will decrease the import needs.The development for valuable economical product will promote the primary agro-forestry products value besides will increase the profit of local farmer. Mixed or multipurpose plantations on those trees will such as mushroom use woods or long-term harvest woods encourage the local forest utility and income profit. The research is to study the agronomy characters of Jatropha hybrids among the regional trial. We are expecting a shrubby form, early flowering and local adapted hybrids was selected.
三、Establishment of forestry production areas in agricultural land
The wood consumption in Taiwan is about 5 million m3, and the inoculated log consumption is 350,000 tons a year. Most of these wood cost more than 60 billion NT dollars relies on import. To meet the requirement of industry, the police of reactivation fallow ground by planting tree species with 6-10 year-rotation period, such as Acacia confusa, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Liquidambar formosana, and Eculyptus spp., was conducted by government in 2013. Taiwan Forest Bureau estimated that 57 tons/ha of log will be harvested after planting 6 years. To evaluate the goal attainable, we established 10 ha plantation trials in farmland to estimate the growth potential for these tree spp. in 2011. Based on present afforestation data, we found it is difficult to reach the goal, unless plant right species in fallow ground which soil has a hard pan and higher bulk density, and try to use every parts of whole trees. The best management to earn profit for farmers is to obtain more volume of logs with end diameter more than 25 cm which can be made of plywood. The smaller timber can provide for inoculated logs, while branches for producing essential oils or extracting to be functional food. We have established a 5-ha demo plantation in Miaoli where planted 9 tree species with different planting densities and mixed different species. This project try to do the better silvicultural techniques and management to obtain more multipurpose products. More profit from the valuable products, more farmers afforest, more companies such as deforestation, lumbering, and biotech invest. An industrial cluster might be formed gradually, and become a forestry production area. This year we set up explanatory signs to demo the goal of field test, experiment design, tree species, and their utilization. We investigate the MAI in May and Nov, to compare tree growth before and after typhoon attack. At Hualien area, Paulownia and Trema orientalis grew rapidly and show greater wind resistance. We established these two species at a 3 ha of plantation where Eucalyptus trees were destroyed by typhoon. This year two strong typhoon attack southern Taiwan. Eucalypt and broadleaf tree species fell seriously. Paulownia grow steadily, suggesting that might be a good choice for this area. Plantation at Miali area did not affected by typhoon. This plantation composed with Eucalyptus hybrid, E. camaldulalensis, and 9 broadleaf tree species showed a beautiful stand. Soil and Water conservation Bureau established foot way and ponds to be an ecological park, where attracting may tourist to visit.
四、Study ontheCultivation,Production andUtilization ofForest Understory Plants
The supply of healthy seedlings is an important key to the sustainable development of the wasabi industry. The project plans to study the necessary technologies related to the regulation of flowering of wasabi and healthy seed collection, and try to establish an in vitro propagation system. It is expected to establish a local healthy seedling production technology to solve the problem of self-sufficiency of healthy seedlings of wasabi. Taiwan's Goniophlebium formosanum (Baker) Rödl-Linder is suitable for the development of cosmetic active ingredients for preventing UV damage. Its overall effect is better than that of commercially available well-known essential oils and skin care whitening cosmetics. Once it enters the commercialization stage, it is urgent to establish a stable artificial propagation. In the study, we will collect the sources of species and establish culture techniques to enhance the economic value of plants in Taiwan.五、Study on the culture and production of epiphyte
It must first increase the production per unit area in forest in order toincrease the incentives of afforestation. Under the cooperation withlong-term forest production and without interrupting the timber production in forest, by-products such as symbiotic truffles and saprophytic Gastrodia elata can be developed and utilized in various aspects. Although there are nearly 200 years of history on cultivating truffles and many countries have declared their considerable progress, but the production still cannot reach previous in natural production and the price still remains high. Different climate and vegetation conditions in each area breed different species, but the past researches in Taiwan have discovered only two kinds of native truffles species. This project is to investigate the local truffles resources and to screen out the more suitable one for domestic cultivation, so as to cultivate better quality truffles and facilitate to development of the truffle industry. Gastrodia elata is a precious material in traditional china medicine. Rrecent years, researches in Taiwan focused on the study of biological diversity, and have been published and recorded nearly 20 species in the genus Gastrodia. Although the culture of Gastrodia is more popular in China, there are some difficulties occurred in the cultural process.There are few but high biodiversity in the Gastrodia resource in Taiwan. The study and development on the culture of Gastrodia is necessary to establish industry of Gastrodia.
六、The study on the under-forest economy of Camellia formosensis
Camellia formosensis is a potential plant on under-forest economy research. In order to give consideration to economy, Public welfare and Sustainability, it is necessary to do the research about ecology、plant nursey and chemical components. The aim of this research try to finish following items. (1)Phenology (2) structure and component of forest, generation mechanism of Camellia formosensis. (3)pick the good variety of Camellia formosensis (4) The analysis of chemical components by different attitude. The result will be helpful to conservation of Camellia formosensis, promote the income of tea industry.
七、Taiwan-Japan collaboration on the Calophyllum inophyllum in provenance collection, growth investigate and bigger fruits variety silviculture.
The Calophyllum inophyllum ancestors' trials of 39 families were established among Iriomote Japan, Ilan and Henchun Taiwan in 2014 and 2105 in respectively. In the long-term monitoring of tree high, stem growth and physiology or phenology traits from the trees’ performance we expect to select a wind resistance plus tree. Besides when the DBH growth over 10cm the wood density will be censused to select the plus tree. The tree form traits such as tree high, branching high, stem straightness, and DBH growth will censused every 6 months. There are some bigger fruits ed trees were founded along the road side and we collected the seeds to raise seedling for the ancestor study and the young branches were also collected for the grafting scions to establish a seed mass product plantation in the future.